Proteínas de choque térmico nas respostas das plantas ao estresse por calor: uma breve investigação

Abstract

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a family of proteins that cells produce in response to stressful conditions, such as high temperatures. These proteins play a crucial role in maintaining cellular equilibrium, assisting other proteins in preserving their structure and proper functions under adverse conditions. By exploring the capabilities of HSPs and focusing on the gene expression related to heat resilience, significant insights can be gained for plant improvement and genetic engineering. This work aimed to review the literature on research, especially with cultivated plants, that analyzed gene expression, gene cloning, and overexpression of HSPs in response to heat stress. Case studies on cotton show that genotypes overexpressing the genes GhHS97, GhHS26, and GhHSP70-26 exhibited greater heat tolerance. In sorghum, studies have been conducted using molecular markers on HSP70 and HSP90 genes to identify their expressions under high-temperature stress. In maize, genes ZmHSP20 and the function of sHSP26 were analyzed. In mango, it was discovered that solar radiation on the pulp increased Hsp17.4 levels in the ’Reynal’ and ’Keitt’ cultivars. In potato, higher accumulation levels of HSP18 and HSP21 were observed in the ’Laura’ cultivar compared to the ’Liseta’ and ’Agria’ cultivars. In soybean, studies were conducted on the elimination of the HSP40 protein, encoded by GmDNJ1, and its effects on heat tolerance in plants. Research on soybean also investigated the gene GmHsp90A2 and its role in improving thermotolerance in soybean plants. In rice, the proteome under heat stress was analyzed, identifying 48 proteins expressed under thermal stress. Another study on rice showed that the overexpression of the OsHSP18.6 gene resulted in increased tolerance to various stresses, including heat. In chrysanthemum, studies were conducted on the genes CgHSP70, ClHSP70s, and CmHSP90.5 in conferring heat tolerance.