Panorama de controle de pragas do milho usando químicos e biológicos com ênfase em Dalbulus maidis

Abstract

This Final Course Paper investigates the pest control panorama in maize cultivation in the state of Paraná, focusing on the corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis), using chemical and biological methods. The research was based on data from the Agricultural Information System (SIAGRO) and the Paraná Agricultural Defense Agency (ADAPAR) for the period from 2019 to 2022. The analysis revealed a significant increase in the use of phytosanitary products, especially after 2019, attributed to the outbreak of Dalbulus maidis. The results indicate that the use of phytosanitary products in maize cultivation grew significantly, highlighting the predominance of products combining different chemical groups, such as pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. Additionally, there was increased interest in biological alternatives, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi and Bacillus thuringiensis, which have shown effectiveness in pest control. The research showed that approximately 70% of Paraná farmers use chemical pesticides to combat the corn leafhopper, while about 30% adopt biological methods. The combination of chemical and biological methods is essential to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of pest management, delaying the development of resistance and reducing the adverse environmental impacts associated with the exclusive use of pesticides. This study provides a comprehensive and updated view of pest management practices in maize cultivation in Paraná, underscoring the importance of continuous monitoring and the proper selection of phytosanitary products. The results of this research are fundamental for developing more effective and sustainable management strategies, ensuring productivity and environmental health in agriculture.