Análise do perfil de tensão de uma rede de distribuição com a inserção de veículos elétricos em car sharing

Abstract

Nowadays, electric vehicles (EV) are considered the most promising option to replace combustion vehicles. In addition, the penetration of Evs in the network showed itself as an increasing global trend, as there are future projections for the development of up to 100 million electric cars and 400 million two- and three-wheeled vehicles by 2030. At the same time, car sharing is a car travel business model that proposes easy rental of vehicles by anyone, for a short period of time and parked in close locations. Therefore, the objective of this document is to analyze the voltage profile with the insertion of electric vehicles in the car sharing system in a distribution system. A survey of the characteristics of electric vehicles in different charging modes was carried out and the IEEE 13 bars system was adapted with characteristics of Brazilian electric system as the object of study of the simulations. Furthermore, a simulation analysis was performed with the OpenDSS software and a car sharing vehicle connection with four service stations containing five vehicles each was defined. Two temporal simulation scenarios were executed, which are the Snapshot scenario and the Daily scenario, one in steady state and the other in relation to a daily load curve. The temporal scenarios were divided among themselves in relation to the role of Evs in the system, which could be as a charging or generation element, and finally, it was possible to analyze these scenarios in different charging methods. In closing, the impact of the insertion of four car sharing stations in the system was very subtle, as they did not affect the network enough to destabilize it. Besides that, the simulated voltage values were within the established range by ANEEL. With the load variability and the different types of charging modes, there would be harmful factors for a system already stressed by other loads. Thus, it would require a great coordination of the electric vehicles by the power companies or any other public agency to guarantee the voltage regulation and the stability of the system, securing a positive impact on the voltage oscillations.