Atributos físicos do solo sob consórcio de milho (Zea mays) com leguminosas

Abstract

Currently, Brazilian agricultural soils suffer from erosion processes, which cause changes in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil, affecting crop production. A Concern for the soil is growing after critical years of drought, scarcity and high in fertilizer prices. Systems that adopt conservation management practices, such as practices of SPD (Direct Planting System), combined with crop rotation, are becoming increasingly more attractive to Brazilian producers. A management system that has been growing a lot These are intercrops of grasses with legumes, not just in winter crops. At the summer, the use of legumes in a consortium with corn has proven to be an alternative interesting in improving the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Therefore, the objective of study is to analyze the soil structural and chemical attributes, in different Corn consortiums + Legumes. The work was carried out on private property in the municipality of Campo Erê, with three consortiums of Corn + Estilosantes, Corn + Crothalária, Corn + Guandu Beans Dwarf and single corn as control, both without nitrogen fertilization. At the end of the cycle and subsequent corn harvest, assessments of soil properties were made. A Soil structural analysis was also carried out visually, with the removal of soil slices and analyzing using the Vess method (Visual evaluation of soil structure), making the results of the didactic study and better understanding. The experimental design was in blocks randomized, with four blocks and 16 experimental units. The VESS methodology has proven itself efficient and facilitated the identification of limiting layers. The consortia did not present difference between means for the analyzed variables, in addition, productivity did not have increase in treatments. We conclude that the use of consortia is an excellent option for structuring the soil and the production system, which in the long term could reflect in better results.