Desempenho de famílias F3 de feijão-preto (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) em competição com picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.)

Abstract

Beans are one of the annual crops whose productivity and grain quality are most affected by the interference of weeds, thanks to slow initial growth, with hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.) being one of the most important weed species in this culture. The objective of this work was to evaluate 35 F3 families of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) resulting from the crossing between the cultivars BRS Esteio and IAC Veloz, conducted in competition with 30 plants per m2 of hairy beggarticks, in the experimental area of the UTFPR Pato Branco campus in 2023. The BRS FP 403 and IPR Urutau cultivars were used as controls. The agronomic characteristics of insertion of the first legume (IPL, cm), number of legumes per plant (NLP, unit), number of grains per plant (NGP, unit), number of grains per legume (NGL, unit), mass of grains per plant (MGP, grams), mass of one thousand grains (MMG, grams), yield (Rend, kg ha-1) and leaf area (IAF, cm2). Statistical evaluation was carried out using analysis of variance at 5 and 1% probability, by grouping means using the Scott-knott test and Pearson correlation. For the IPL, only twelve families were above the recommended level in the literature for carrying out mechanized harvesting, which is 10 cm. The NLP, NGP, NGL and MGP showed great variation between families, and were divided into two groupings of averages. In the variables NGP, NGL and MGP, the witnesses were in the group with the highest averages. MMG was one of the characters that showed the greatest segregation, with three families forming a group superior to the controls and the other families. Yield fluctuated from 898 to 3132 kg ha-1, with 33 families presenting values above the national average for the 22/23 harvest. The IAF, an important characteristic in the bean’s performance in competition, was divided into three groups of averages, with 16 families made up the group that presented the largest leaf area. This variable showed a weak linear correlation with the IPL. Considering that one of the most important characteristics for the bean plant is the grain mass, the families were ranked and 17 of them were superior to the controls, and could therefore proceed to individual selection in F4.