Conflitos de uso de solo em áreas de preservação permanente da área de proteção ambiental do Rio do Campo, Campo Mourão, Paraná-Brasil

Abstract

The conservation of water resources is a challenge in lands with intensified agricultural activities and land conflicts in Permanent Preservation Areas of rivers and springs. This exacerbates the process of soil erosion and water vulnerability in Brazil, and this problem has greater proportions in places where public water is supplied, as is the case in the Rio do Campo Environmental Protection Area. The aim of this study was to analyze land use conflicts in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of rivers and springs in the Rio do Campo Environmental Protection Area (APA) and to propose actions for rehabilitating degraded areas in order to improve water conservation. The APA of the Rio do Campo is of great importance as it corresponds to the public water supply of the city of Campo Mourão and there is a need for the preservation and rehabilitation of APP in a situation of land use conflict, currently occupied by agricultural activities in spaces previously occupied by rivers and springs. In this work, a database was created with information on the drainage network, hypsometry, slope, land cover and use, soil types and satellite images. Using this database, thematic maps of land use conflicts in the APP of rivers and springs of the APA were generated in a Geographic Information System environment, followed by an analysis and proposal for a rehabilitation plan for degraded areas. The PPAs were delimited and referenced by the new Forest Code and land use conflicts were identified by comparing images of Paraná's hydrography from 2007 and overlaying Google Earth images from 2022, both with the SIRGAS 2000 DATUM. Soil loss was estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) equations, which drain into rivers and accentuate water vulnerability, resulting in 10.84 t/ha/year of soil loss, and 2.9 t/ha/year of sediment flowing out of the Rio do Campo APA. There were 114 occurrences of land use and occupation conflicts in Permanent Preservation Areas of rivers. Conflicts of land use and occupation occur in 32 of the 36 springs in the Rio do Campo Environmental Protection Area.