Ensino de evolução estelar para o 9º ano a partir dos três momentos pedagógicos

Abstract

Astronomy is a science that has been present in man's daily life since ancient times. Since ancient times, he has shown interest and curiosity in knowing the origin and evolution of celestial bodies. This fascination with astronomy had several reasons, including the need to measure time. The great revolution in astronomy happened with Galileo in the 18th century. From then on, it began to be seen as a milestone in knowledge and a constant challenge for man, a new era for the development of astronomy emerged. In the 20th century, with the arrival of the space age, a limitless field opened up with sophisticated observatories for the study of stars. From this fact, many questions regarding the evolution of the Sun began to be explained. Therefore, the need for this branch of knowledge became part of the students' daily lives, who demonstrated interest and fascination. However, these contents are not always covered satisfactorily in Elementary Education. Thus, this research aimed to investigate students' prior knowledge, develop, apply and evaluate a teaching proposal for stellar evolution in light of the Three Pedagogical Moments in the 9th Year of elementary school. The didactic proposal was applied in 2023 in a 9th year class at a Regular Education College, in the northwest region of Paraná, with 30 students. This proposal constitutes an educational product of the National Professional Master's Degree in Physics Teaching. The research is based on qualitative research methodology, since this research work was developed directly with the students, for this, problematizing situations, texts, images and videos were used. 15 science classes were used to implement the didactic proposal. It was found that the students had a good acceptance of the proposed materials and activities, and that these were of great value in demonstrating the construction of knowledge. It was also verified that the students were able to understand and relate the process of stellar evolution with the life cycle of the Sun, as well as its death, and that the end of a star depends on its mass. In the last part of this work, students demonstrated the construction of knowledge in a meaningful and autonomous way. The evaluation by the students was satisfactory, they acquired significant knowledge from this work. It also showed that good work requires prior planning, with a methodology that involves the student in the teaching-learning process, so that the knowledge has meaning for the student.