Uma nova perspectiva no ensino de botânica: a fenomenologia de Goethe aplicada ao ensino de botânica

Abstract

Currently Botany Education in schools is disconnected from the natural process and the interconnections between the different objects of study, centered only on the memorization of scientific names, groups of plants and the parts that constitute them. In this sense, the need for an alternative form of teaching / learning of this content is presented, which is interesting for the students by inserting them in the phenomenon, encompassing the natural process over time and the relation of the facts to the environment where developed, as proposed by Goethe's Phenomenology. In this perspective, what would be the possible contributions of the application of Goethe's Phenomenology to the teaching of Botany? Considering the great gap and problems involved in the teaching of Botany, this research had the objective of evaluating a didactic proposal based on Goethe's Phenomenology applied to Elementary School students, and their contributions to the teaching-learning process of Botany. In order to do so, we developed a didactic unit composed of botany classes involving the construction of graphic diaries consisting of drawings and textual descriptions, which are based essentially on the careful observation of the total development of an angiosperm plant. The research was developed within a qualitative approach and its application occurred in a private school in the city of Curitiba / PR with 61 students of the 7th grade of Elementary School. Among the results obtained, it is worth noting that the monitoring of the development of an angiosperm plant carried out by the students increased their perceptions about the concept of plant, as well as enabled them to verify that these organisms also undergo a metamorphosis. In this way, it is concluded that the students developed the procedural look for the studied plants. It is hoped that Goethe's Phenomenology applied to the teaching of Botany reported in this work can be applied in other realities and levels of teaching helping to develop in the students the procedural look, in order to make this proposal really a significant way to overcome the problems that involve the teaching of botany today.