Análise ergonômica das sobrecargas biomecânicas nas diferentes fases da construção civil: um estudo em macrofases de obras prediais

Abstract

The civil construction sector is the main responsible for generating jobs in the country, especially in the area of building construction. However, it is also one of the leading areas in activities that require repetitive work with great physical effort, and consequently high biomechanical overload on the upper limbs. The analysis of biomechanical overload has a social and technical context in decision-making, in order to minimize the risk to the health of employees and improve comfort at workstations, as it will provide better control over the costs related to absenteeism that end up generating losses in production. The study, when adopting the theme of biomechanical overload in building construction, aims to analyze the biomechanical overload of the main activities of the macrophases that involve a building work. The methodology used in this work consists of data collection carried out at nine construction sites and the use of the OCRA checklist method to calculate biomechanical overload indices, in addition to the other steps listed in this item. To achieve the proposed objective, the work is divided into determining the ergonomic demand, characterizing the macrophases of a building work and describing its main activities with regard to repetition and effort of movements, as well as presenting the details of the stages of calculation. Finally, the vulnerability of the calculation method used is presented. The work showed that 69% of injuries or muscle pain presented among employees were in the upper limbs and that 95% of the activities analyzed fall into the high risk category and require immediate intervention at work stations. The results found in this work were used in the preparation of ISO/TR 7015:2023, which will bring greater safety and reliability to the analysis of biomechanical overload of the upper limbs for civil construction activities in general.