Impactos econômicos devidos ao marco legal da microgeração de energia elétrica

Abstract

The installed power of electrical energy microgeneration systems has suffered an exponencial growth in the past years. The normative resolution No.482 dated of April 17th, 2012 was primordial to the legal stability and confiability of distributed generation. The price drop of photovoltaic system components and the high costs of eletricity bills were the responsible for the high demand in the past years from those who are interested in producing their own eletric power. However, the new pricing regulations introduced by the legal framework related to the use of the eletrical distribution system changes the investment attractiveness in distributed microgeneration systems, through the enactment of the Brazillian Federal Law No.14.300/2022. Five scenarios were created for the simulations: the consumer unit does not have a photovoltaic system in the first one, so it can be a reference of economy to the other cases; the system was framed as vested right and will not suffer the tariff changes until 2045 in the second; the third scenario assures a transitional period until 2031; the transiotional period in the fourth scenario is until 2029; the fifth scenario consists in a hypothetical case where there was no transitional period. The simulations indicated 26,96% higher net savings in comparision with the third scenario. Lastly, after an investment attractiveness analisys on the microgeneration systems it was observed a return on investment 68,87% higher for the unit that filed the system until January 6th, 2023 using as reference the one which will suffer the transitional provisions until 2029.