Análise físico-química do óleo da Moringa oleifera de acordo com método de extração e região de plantio

Abstract

In response to the need for more sustainable lubricants and considering the ease of cultivation and adaptability of Moringa oleifera to different climatic conditions, this study was conducted to explore the potential of this plant in the production of biolubricants. Samples of Moringa oleifera oil from three different regions of Brazil Aracaju, Mossoró, and Maringá were analyzed in terms of fatty acid composition, acidity index, peroxide, saponification, refraction, viscosity, and lubricant potential using the Reichert test. Two extraction methods, cold pressing and solvent extraction via Soxhlet, were evaluated in relation to these parameters and additionally in terms of oil yield. The comparison between extraction techniques using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) revealed that although solvent extraction is harsher and may degrade the oil, it is more suitable for obtaining a higher oil content and aiming for its application in the industry. The fatty acid composition was not affected by the extraction method, but the oil obtained by cold pressing exhibited superior quality, with a lower acidity index and greater stability, reflecting a superior lubricant potential. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of seeds from different regions indicated that factors such as locality and soil characteristics significantly influence the properties of the extracted oils. The seeds from Aracaju, in particular, stood out, showing qualities that contribute to the durability and reduction of wear in lubricated tools. The study points out that the oil of Moringa oleifera has proven to be suitable for the production of biolubricants, emphasizing the need to implement effective agricultural practices and ensure proper storage of the seeds and oil to guarantee the production of a highquality product.