Prova de conceito em baterias gravitacionais: uma abordagem para o armazenamento de energia sustentável

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis investigates the conceptual viability and functionality of gravitational batteries, an emerging technology for electrical energy storage that leverages gravitational potential energy as an accumulation mechanism. In contrast to conventional storage systems using lead-acid or lithium-ion cells, this system is based on the principle of controlled lifting and lowering of masses, efficiently converting gravitational potential energy into electricity. The distinctive feature of this system is its ability to capture and store surplus energy, commonly lost in situations where production exceeds immediate demand. Gravitational batteries emerge as a strategic solution for excess energy storage, especially relevant in the context of renewable energy sources, inherently intermittent and dependent on cyclical natural conditions such as daylight and wind variability. The goal of this project is to demonstrate the proof of concept of the operability of this system, with a theoretical perspective capable of practical application. Gravitational batteries offer multiple significant advantages, including operational efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and preservation of energy efficiency over charge and discharge cycles. This study aims to illustrate how this innovation can alter the current energy storage paradigm, promoting a transition to more sustainable and effective methods in the energy sector. Therefore, gravitational batteries are proposed as a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to meet the growing demand for energy, conceptually demonstrating a significant step toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.