Projeto e implementação de um módulo de controle de frequência para geradores síncronos

Abstract

The electrical energy of the electrical power systems is mostly generated through the use of synchronous generators. In order to operate correctly and to guarantee the quality of the electrical energy generated, both in isolated operations and parallel operations with other generators, the frequency control of the generated voltage is necessary. Since the frequency of the generated voltage is controlled through the rotation of the generator, the control is done by regulating the primary machine’s power. Students of synchronous generators must learn about how this control is performed, and since it is a complex system, there is some difficulty in visualizing and understanding how this control is done in a real operation. To provide an easier way for the understanding of the subject, this thesis elaborates a module that shows this frequency control in a didactic way, easy to use and easy to implement. With the use of electronic circuits, an Arduino can measure the generated voltage’s frequency and adjusts the power of the primary machine in order to keep the voltage frequency equal to a reference value. This value can be determined digitally or analogically. To make this control, with the use of the Simulink, a code is generated with the closed-loop control system, executed by Arduino. After assembling the module, testing the operation of the generator and correcting the control system gains, it was possible to control the frequency of the generated voltage with good accuracy. During tests changing the load applied to the generator, in order to demonstrate an isolated operation, the system was able to correct itself by keeping the frequency value similar to the reference value. The obtained results were satisfactory, demonstrating the behavior of the synchronous generator and being able to help students of the subject.