Avaliação dos diferentes tipos de defeitos que ocorrem na madeira

Abstract

Wood defects can occur due to the tree's own growth and appear in the length of the trunk, in the anatomical structure or also be a result of processes involving biological agents or handling, reducing or limiting its use. Natural defects are damages or injuries that occur in the tree while it is still standing or in the wood, on its surface or internally, or when already felled and processed. Growth stresses can result in shortening of the fibers and physical, chemical and mechanical changes to these woods. During wood drying, cracks can manifest as top cracks, surface cracks, and internal or honeycomb cracks. Processing failures found in wood are often caused by poorly conducted manipulations, such as transportation, storage, preparation, packaging and handling. These processing flaws can cause cracks and reduce the conservation of the parts, impacting the useful life of the material. Defects caused by the action of biodegraders occur from the action of living organisms, including insects, fungi, bacteria, among others. There are various forms of degradation in wood and the ones that cause the most damage are xylophagous organisms. The work was divided into two stages. The first of these involved a literature review of wood defects, while in the second stage the trees were photographed, aiming to highlight their defects. The images were recorded by the author, throughout the development of the work, in the vicinity of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos, in Dois Vizinhos and/or nearby cities. Therefore, with this work it was possible to develop teaching material to facilitate studies on defects occurring in wood.