Uma abordagem para uso de Blockchain na cadeia de suprimentos de vinho

Abstract

Today’s supply chains are vast and spread across the world, connecting multiple steps and different entities in the production process. Despite the advantages when applying such screening methods, it is also possible to highlight some difficulties, such as: tampering with dates, tampering with documentation, among others. The most used tracking techniques are barcodes and/or radio frequency tags, which are stored in a central database, which can be changed later. However, once the information is changed, it may be found that the data has been manipulated or is being falsified. Blockchain, as it is a public and distributed database, can be used to improve chain management and food safety, as highlighted in studies carried out in the area. Public platforms such as Bitcoin, developed as a form of digital, decentralized and reliable currency, do not allow for any implementation related to the supply chain, due to the fact that their focus is on the exchange of digital money. Other platforms such as Ethereum, developed as a Turing complete machine, enable the development of such applications. However, because it depends on its currency Ether, which has high commercial value and volatility, it makes its application in a supply chain unfeasible. Private Blockchain Frameworks, such as Hyperledger Fabric, can solve some of the problems of public Blockchains, such as processing response time and the cost associated with executing the task. This implementation was made possible by modeling the network architecture based on the wine supply chain for the Hyperledger Fabric framework. The implementation involved four organizations, thus simulating the main phases in the wine supply chain. During this process, crucial operations such as creating, reading and transferring assets on the network were carried out. Detailed network operation and customer interaction during history consultation are accurately presented, providing a comprehensive understanding of the implemented system.