Proposta para controle de qualidade molecular de bioinsumos a partir de Trichoderma spp

Abstract

Over the years, the excessive use of pesticides in agriculture has become a constant source of contamination of soil, water, animals and humans, and one of the alternatives to their use is the adoption of the use of bioinputs. Bioinputs are products produced from extracts, metabolites, hormones and even parts of other organisms such as plants, fungi, bacteria or viruses, and among these one of the most adopted in the production of bioinputs are the fungi of the genus Trichoderma, as they have numerous mechanisms for inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens, in addition to numerous other mechanisms for inducing protection and strengthening of plants and the root system, but the genus Trichoderma has numerous species that are morphologically similar, but with different physiology and molecular structure and therefore act differently, diferente ways against the same threat. In view of this, the production and commercialization of bioinputs with MIX formulation is becoming a trend. The quality control of these bioinputs is a very important step in the production process, and is carried out without major difficulties in bioinputs with the presence of only one microorganism, which no longer occurs in MIX bioinputs, which may have the presence of 2 or more microorganisms of the same genus but of different species, or the presence of microorganisms of different genera and species. For an efficient quality control to occur, there is a need to adopt methodologies that make use of molecular techniques in the quantitative and qualitative determination and identification of the microorganisms that make up the formulation of the MIX bioinput. With this problem arises the need to propose a qualit control methodology that makes use of primers and multiplex PCR in a fast and economical way that can be adopted for constant use for the quality control of MIX bioinputs, for this through a bibliographical review of works that made use of primers and had the PCR conditions described for each of these Trichoderma species, T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. viride were separated. After comparing the works, it was observed that the authors who use greater amounts of genetic sequences in the production of their primers were those who obtained greater differentiation and identification of Trichoderms. One of the most promising methodologies was the use of SCARs primers and multplex PCR sequences by the author Oskiera et al. (2017), which proved to be efficient in identifying species and by adopting the use of programs and software in the production of primers, aldo generated savings in financial resources.