Diagnóstico ambiental multidimensional do Rio do Campo no município de Campo Mourão-PR

Abstract

The environmental quality of water bodies has been progressively declining as a result of disorganized socioeconomic development that generates environmental and public health risks. This research sought to carry out a multidimensional diagnosis in three sections of the Rio do Campo micro-basin, in the municipality of Campo Mourão (PR). The sampling points were established as follows: P1: area located in the region upstream of the watershed, with agricultural areas in its surroundings, but with preserved riparian vegetation; P2: average area of the basin, at the beginning of the urban perimeter of the municipality of Campo Mourão; P3: area closest to the downstream of the river, in a very urbanized part of the municipality and with little riparian vegetation. The study focused on parameters that cover both the macroscale and microscale and occurred at two times of the year: dry period (June) and rainy period (February). The macroscale was obtained from the preparation of slope maps, climogram, land use and occupation and analysis of the limits of the Permanent Protection Areas (APP) in the basin. At the microscale, the Rapid River Assessment Protocol (PAR) was used, which allowed the analysis of 22 local parameters to delimit environmental quality, and also the composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate community, which constitute excellent biological indicators. The cartographic products made it possible to identify a greater slope in P1, as well as confirming more preserved and structured APPs at the site, complying with the legal limits of 30 and 50 m. P2 had a large percentage of vegetation cover, but it was basically made up of grasses and shrubs, with evident sedimentation at the site. P3 showed the biggest change in use and occupation, with a predominance of urban areas in its surroundings and with APPs that do not comply with legislation. Based on the PAR results, it was possible to classify P2 as an altered area at both times of the year and P1 and P3 still as natural areas. From the composition of macroinvertebrates and the calculation of the biotic index, it was possible to establish that all sampling points presented some degree of environmental fragility, in both sampling times, with P1 being an area whose water quality was categorized as acceptable (June and February), P2 presented quality classified as critical (two collections) and P3 as questionable (June)/acceptable (February). From the combination of the analyzed dimensions, it was possible to establish that P2 presented a convergence of problems and lower quality, followed by point P3. Through the multidimensional result, more effective and assertive mitigation measures are suggested, considering the different spatial scales.