Análise das metodologias utilizadas em estudos de impactos ambientais em vias rodoviárias

Abstract

Brazil is a country that largely transports goods and humans via highways. Over the decades, its road network has grown, corresponding to 1.72 million kilometers in 2022. With highway expansions, the impacts generated on the environment can be of great magnitude, as highways cover a large area and, consequently, the area of influence is extensive, with impacts on the physical, biotic and anthropic environment. The environmental viability certification of the implementation of highways is carried out through the issuance of prior licensing, at which point the Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA) is carried out. The resulting documents are the Environmental Impact Study (EIA) and its respective Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). Several methodologies can be used for EIA, even considering similar projects. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the methodologies implemented in the EIA of highways in southeastern Brazil, seeking to verify which methodology was most appropriate, through a comparative analysis of the documents available in the database of the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. (IBAMA).