Impacto das espécies tóxicas arbóreas na saúde humana: um estudo de caso da arborização de vias públicas de Dois Vizinhos – PR

Abstract

To select tree plant species and classify them as suitable for use in urban trees itis necessary to know its characteristic, to prevent the occurrence of species with thorns, acuulus, shallow roots, producing very large and fleshy fruits in inadequate phusical space, as well as species with toxic principles. In the sense, this work aims to evaluate the influence of toxic species present in road trees in the predisposition or aggravation of respiratory diseases (Asthma, Bronchitis and Sinusitis) in the population of Dois Vizinhos-PR. Thus, a consultation will be carries out, using information from the Municipal Plan for Urban Trees of Dois Vizinhos- PR, road trees present in 730 blocks was evaluated, in 18 neighborhoods of Dois Vizinhos - PR. These data were used to correlate with the information of the Health Secretary of the municipality, data relating to entries in health units in the period from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2021, separated by gender – male and female. For analysis of the correlation of these data, Pearson’s correlation (r), with p = 0,5 level as significant correlation, using to Excel program to perform these correlations, where the amounts of native and exotic species with toxic/allergenic principles were analyzes, neighborhoods and the number of respiratory diseases per neighborhood. To quantify these species by neighborhoods, the “buffer” tool was used considering an area of 800 meters, the same adopted by the Plan of Urban Trees. With the results of the correlation of species and respiratory diseases, a map of risk zones was then made in these areas near the health units, values in Disease Risk were taken into account: 1 to 40 low, 41 to 80 medium and above 80 high; in Native Risk: 1 to 15 low, 16 to 30 medium and above 30 high; in Exotic Risk: 1 to 50 low, 51 to 100 medium and above 100 high, being demonstrated in standard colors the risk levels in each area near the health units. Therefore, this work is of paramount importance for the urban planning community of the municipality of Dois Vizinhos – PR, to investigate risk areas of toxic species, and greater attention is needed in neighborhoods that presented hogh risk levels, that is, they have a higher concentration os toxic species in neighborhoods: Sagrada Família, Santa Luzia, Centro Norte and Centro Sul, and the only neighborhood that has a low level of risk is the São Francisco neighborhood, because it is a new neighborhood where road forest is still being done. It is necessary for public managers mainly of the Health and Environment Secretariats to demonstrate these risks on a map, since the damage to the health of the population is proven, for the species Aroeira Salsa (Schinus molle L.), Cinamomo (Melia azedarach L.), Alfeneiro (Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton), Aroeira Vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) and Cipreste (Cupressus lusitanica Mill and Cupressus sempervirens L.) have a significant positive correlation with Asthma (0.61 – 0.72) ans Sinusitis (0.50 – 0.81), and it is necessary to remove these toxic individuals and replace them with species suitable for the municipality.