A governança pública na abordagem contingencial dos desastres hidrológicos em municípios da região metropolitana de Curitiba

Abstract

This work focuses on the impact of the principles of public governance on the disaster risk management tools provided by the National Civil Protection and Defense System, placing emphasis on the structuring of the Civil Protection and Defense Contingency Plans (PCPDC), foreseen in the territorial scope of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (RMC). It is understood that good public governance practices ensure adequate mechanisms to provide the balance of power between the interested community and the public entity legally responsible for implementing public policies to protect claims. In this context, the central theoretical perspective lies in Bureaucratic Theory, chosen because it associates principles of rationalization and instrumentalization capable of operationalizing principles of public governance in a disaster scenario. The assumptions consider that the principles of public governance have an effective influence on the dynamics of the PCPDC in the MRC municipalities. Furthermore, they indicate that the risk management of hydrological disasters by the PCPDC in these municipalities incorporates good principles of public governance. From these points, the following research question arose: “How is the principled basis of public governance inserted in the construction of Protection and Civil Defense Contingency Plans for the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, especially in the risk management of hydrological disasters in the river basin? Upper Rio Iguaçu?” In the same direction, the objective of analyzing the role of the principles of public governance in the elaboration of the PCPDC as instruments to promote community participation in the risk management of hydrological disasters in this territorial area emerges. To construct the study, bibliographical research was used as a methodological design (in order to rely on the most relevant state of the art), documentary research (which allows the understanding of the phenomenon primarily recorded from the original source) triangulated with the field study through responses to a structured questionnaire, addressed to those legally responsible for preparing and implementing the documents. Considering the need to establish procedures and responsibilities for those involved in the emergency, the role of the Contingency Plan as a true framework of instructions for actors interested in the disaster scenario became evident. The comparison between the municipalities demonstrated that they all orbit in the “medium” range within the proposed governance participation index. In turn, the results show that the PCPDC satisfactorily meet the legal criteria stipulated in their contingency planning, denoting the presence of good practices from the field of governance in the general structuring of the instruments. However, there are reservations in that resources exclusive to the executive branch are spent to the detriment of other public and private bodies that could be used, an issue that does not contribute to the full community involvement that is desired.