Biotransformação de resíduos agroindustriais por basidiomicetos para produção de enzimas e compostos de interesse industrial

Abstract

Agro-industrial residues have become more than only an environmental issue over the years. They are now recognized as a sustainable and low-cost source of biopolymers and industrially important chemicals. However, pre-treatment operations, such as biological processes, are required to efficiently obtain the intended products from the residues. The use of various biomasses to simultaneously acquire more products in a single batch fits the concept of biorefinery. Thus, this paper describes the use of six agro-industrial residues in combinations designed statistically to evaluate the production of enzymes (hydrolytic and oxidative), and release of reducing sugars and phenolic compounds, by the fungi Trametes villosa and Pycnoporus sp. Inoculated as mycelia pellets or mycelia discs. Both fungi concurrently produced cellulases, pectinases, and laccases in semi-solid cultures, as well as released sugars and phenolics from the substrates, though each fungus responded differently to media compositions. Pycnoporus sp. Was the best producer of cellulases (0.58 FPU/mL as mycelia discs), and T. villosa was the best producer of pectinases (7.58 U/mL as mycelia discs) and laccases (1438 U/L as mycelia pellets). Highest values of total reducing sugars and phenolic compounds were detected in extracts from Pycnoporus sp. Mycelia discs (37.12 mg/mL) and T. villosa mycelia discs (0.261 mg GAE/mL), respectively. Grape pomace (GP), the interaction between GP and sugarcane bagasse, and the addition of copper sulfate in culture media, were considered more than once as significant and positive effects to the production of enzymes and other products.