Projeto de uma rampa de impacto inclinada para teste de produtos embalados

Abstract

The present work has the main goal projecting a inclined impact tester. It is an equipment that aims to facilitate the application of resistance tests on packaged products with relative fragility, allowing an evaluation of the effectiveness of the packaging. The need to carry out this test is due to the fact that in the logistics process in the manufacture of a product, from the beginning of its production to delivery to the final consumer, numerous risks of malfunctions and damage surround the product. Packaging is made to try to protect the products from this danger and to prevent the products from being damaged. However, to ensure that the packages comply with their objectives defined by the project, it is necessary to carry out packaging tests and one of them is the impact test. The impact test simulates the impacts that occur when handling and transporting products with automatic ramps, forklifts and loaders, and even manual transport carts. To carry out this test, an inclined impact ramp was designed, and based on some requirements, a project of an equipment was developed. Some follow-ups were based on standards from organizations such as ISO, ASTM and ISTA, which provide some data and references for the project. The inclined plane principle governs the impact test procedure in this equipment, where the weight force will be responsible for the descent of the specimen. It is a mechanical and robust equipment, consisting of structural steel beams, axles, bearings and plates. The methodology used in this project consists of first determining some initial conditions, such as inclination angle and impact velocity. After defining the boundary conditions, the equipment was divided into three parts: a sliding platform, a speed ramp and an impact surface. These were developed in three stages, starting with the selection of materials, dimensioning of components and design in 3D CAD software. The calculation of beams was used to determine the forces and stresses in the components, based on the applied efforts. Some components were selected from catalogs as needed, such as bearings and speed sensor. Viga online and MD Solids software were used for beam calculations. The Mathcad software was used for the iterative calculations of the dimensions of the components and the Solidworks software was used in the drawings. At the end of the work, a consistent design of a test equipment was obtained in a simple way that meets the needs. It is worth noting that it is possible to make improvements to the project both in design and structure.