Estratégias para a descarbonização na cadeia logística rodoviária de transportes de cargas pesadas no Brasil

Abstract

Logistics is embedded as a fundamental process in the supply chain and is responsible for the planning and control of goods flows. With the continuous expansion of road transportation, especially with heavy-duty vehicles dependent on fossil fuels, an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is being observed. Therefore, internal goals are being set to promote decarbonization, and companies feel the need to adopt strategies in their organizational policy with the aim of reducing pollutant gas emissions and operating more efficiently. In this context, this study aims to diagnose decarbonization strategies being implemented in the road logistics chain for heavyduty transportation in Brazil. To achieve the proposed objective, a literature study was initially conducted using the systematic review method Methodi Ordinatio, along with the collection of information from private and governmental organizations and institutions. This enabled the characterization of the road logistics chain for heavy-duty transportation in Brazil, as well as the identification of associated emissions and existing decarbonization strategies globally. Subsequently, through the distribution of an online survey, companies in the Brazilian road logistics sector were characterized, and currently applied decarbonization strategies were collected. Finally, a graphical mapping was developed, synthesizing the strategies found in the literature alongside strategies employed by companies and potential actions to be adopted in the future. As a result, some decarbonization strategies found in the literature aligned with strategies employed by participating companies. For example, the acquisition of more fuel-efficient vehicles, preventive maintenance on trucks, fleet renewal with newer models, and the use of information systems for route tracking and control were common strategies. Additionally, it was evident that companies face difficulties in measuring, implementing, and reporting strategies due to factors such as high costs, absence of economic results, lack of specialized workforce, and a shortage of partner suppliers, among others. Furthermore, it was observed that the primary decarbonization strategies companies are likely to adopt in the future include the acquisition of more eco-efficient vehicles, training for fleet drivers, and improvement in average fuel consumption. As a conclusion, it was possible to define the types of decarbonization strategies applied in companies within the Brazilian road logistics sector.