Intensidade luminosa no crescimento, produção e qualidade do fruto de jabuticabeira híbrida em condição de pomar

Abstract

Brazil is among the largest producers of fruits, besides being known as one of the main centers of genetic diversity of wild fruit. In the South of the country, the fruit of native plants plays an important role despite little commercially exploited, with potential, where we highlight those of the Myrtaceae family, as jabuticabeira. However, the use of the species for production in orchard is scarce, due to the lack of technical knowledge to orchard management, especially when related to intensity of light favorable to the growth and development of the plant, remembering that it has its origin in the woods. Thus, the prevailing extraction and small plant crops in isolated backyards. There are about nine species of jabuticabeira, among the best known have to Plinia peruviana (jabuticaba cabinho), Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba Paulista ou jabuticaba Açu) and Plinia jabuticaba (Vell) (jabuticaba sabará). However, there have been a marketing named as hybrid that brings advantages over the others, as precocity, number of harvests per year and low vigor, which may be indicative for use to obtain information aimed at its commercial cultivation. The study aims to evaluate the growth behavior and development of plants, as well as the quality of the fruits of hybrid jabuticabeira grown under different conditions of light intensity. The work will be developed in Orchard Fruit trees native of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos, established in 2013. The experimental design will block the chance, with five treatments, four replications, with two plants each. The treatments were constituted by cultivation in Pleno sol, representing an orchard condition (PS); lateral and upper cover with shade screen, simulating a more open canopy condition, with (35% shading) (S35); lateral and upper cover with shade screen, representing a stage in which the forest canopy is closing, with only indirect solar irradiation (50% shading) (S50); lateral cover with shade and top without cover, representing clearing condition (70% shading) (S70); lateral and upper cover with shade screen, simulating closed canopy condition with (80% shading) (S80). The physical and biochemical variables of fruits, bark, pulp and leaves and the microbial activity. The growth of hybrid jabuticaba trees in orchard condition was favored by the use of shading meshes, except when the 80% shading mesh was applied. The physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits and the microbial activity of the soil did not have statistical difference between the tested treatments.