Qualidade industrial do trigo cultivado em diferentes concentrações e tipos de adubações

Abstract

In Brazil, wheat cultivation has established itself as one of the main agricultural activities during the winter. However, domestic production is unable to meet the internal consumption demand, resulting in the need to import this cereal. Furthermore, the industrial quality of wheat, especially for baking purposes, is an important factor to be considered. Advances in genetic improvement and production systems have prioritized increasing grain quantity, but they do not always guarantee satisfactory industrial quality. Soil fertility plays a crucial role in yield and grain size. Studies exploring the relationship between soil fertility and the industrial quality of wheat can provide relevant information to address this challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of wheat cultivation fertilized with different nutrient sources and acidity correctives, taking into consideration the industrial quality of the cereal. For this purpose, three distinct experiments were conducted, and analyses of hectoliter weight, thousand grain weight, falling number, gluten content in wet and dry states, and moisture content were performed. The first protocol involved wheat fertilization with animal manure and mineral fertilizer applied both at the planting line and broadcast. The second protocol used a combination of organic compost and specific mineral fertilizer for wheat cultivation. The third protocol tested different soil acidity correctives, such as Dolomitic, Fortcalcio®, Calcium Oxide, along with a control group, under two different conditions of agricultural gypsum application, i.e., with or without gypsum. The results of this research indicated that in many of the analyses, there was no significantly superior treatment compared to the others in terms of wheat crop performance, although the differences, when found, were small.