Modelagem de fornalha e caldeira para combustão de resíduos sólidos urbanos

Abstract

With the growth of the world population arise some problems, among which the increase in the demand for energy and the growth of the generation of municipal solid waste, with this arise serious problems, such as the collection and proper disposal of these materials. One of the alternatives to alleviate both problems has been the use of thermoelectric plants aimed at the energy use of municipal solid waste. This idea, in addition to solving two problems at once, comes against the search for alternative energy sources, and, if there are major technological advances, it can become an environmentally ideal solution to the problems mentioned. That said, one of the first steps is to study and verify how these residues behave when used as fuel, the combustion parameters, how the energy is transferred from the gas to the water and, through the Rankine cycle, determine the feasibility of the energy use of this application. For this, it is necessary to raise essential information, such as which materials are collected, determine their gravimetric fractions and the calorific value of the fuel. In addition, of course, to model how heat transfer behaves in furnaces, taking into account the concept of thermal resistances of the system, and finally, to calculate the efficiencies of the furnace, boiler and the system as a whole. It is possible to observe that, within the proposed limitations, the use of this type of fuel is feasible for energy use, however, for there to be large-scale use, technological advances are necessary.