Degradação de corante têxtil utilizando bioaumentação para estabelecimento de biofilme bacteriano em bucha vegetal

Abstract

The textile industry is one of the sectors that most contributes to the environment degradation, due to the large amount of water used during its production process, as well as the use of harmful dyes. The use of biological treatment systems is one of the most effective options for removing this type of xenobiotic, with the bioaugmentation process being an efficient alternative. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the removal of color, organic matter and toxicity from a synthetic effluent containing indigo blue dye applying a bioaugmentation process in a MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor), in addition to evaluate the best reactor operational time, considering the higher removal efficiency, using a low cost vegetable sponge as an alternative support. For that, a bench bioreactor was built, with a total volume of approximately 3 L, and dye concentrations inputs of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg L­1 were tested using a 50% support fill ratio arranged in cubes of 3 cm3. COD, color and toxicity parameters were found for L. sativa and A. salina throughout the treatment. The treatments were efficient to reduce COD (Chemical Demand for Oxygen), color and toxicity, and, in general, the best results were obtained for the treatment using the concentration of dye at 800 mg L­1 with a reaction time of 36 h, reaching about 95% efficiency for reducing COD. Also, the COD final values for all tests are in accordance with the current legislation in Paraná for this parameter. The raw indigo blue dye showed toxicity on the test organisms used, neverthelesse, after the treatments, a reduction of up to 88% in the mortality of A. salina for the dye initial concentration of 800 mg L­1 was obtained.