Análise de manifestações patológicas em instalações hidrossanitárias prediais: estudo de caso em edifício residencial

Abstract

The hydro-sanitary installations are a set of pipes and fittings, responsible for supplying points of consumption of cold water, hot water, sewage collection, drainage and fire prevention. The pathological manifestations found in buildings are attributed to errors during the execution of the project, design flaws, poor quality of materials, and misuse by users. Thus, this work proposes an investigation and survey of the main pathological manifestations of water and sanitation in a residential building in São Paulo, identifying the main causes and origins, in order to propose solutions and mitigate the damaging effects. The building under study was completed in 2015, with 8 years of existence, and is characterized by 27 floors, with an average variability of 3 to 4 people per housing unit, thus representing a high rate of occupancy of the building, approximately more than 264 people counting only residents of the housing units. The research identified 9 types of pathological manifestations with several causes, branching out into 14 main types of pathological manifestations. In addition, the pathological manifestations presented mostly repetitions from one housing unit to another, thus totaling 462 pathological manifestations present in the building throughout the period from 2020 to 2023. Therefore, of the 462 pathological manifestations presented, this represents an average of 5.92 pathological manifestations per housing unit. The 9 pathological manifestations found were: leakage, humidity, noise and vibrations, bad smell, clogged drains and sinks, clogged toilets, sewage return, irregular water heating and lack of water or low pressure. The pathological manifestation with the highest incidence of cases was bad smell, with 111 occurrences, followed by the pathological manifestation of clogged drains and sinks, with 87 occurrences. However, the pathological manifestation with the highest occurrence, bad smell, is an error in the construction method of drains without siphons and the absence of siphons in the sinks. In addition, it had a low GUT priority, corresponding to 1 GUT. As for the pathological manifestation of clogging of drains and sinks, it is the lack of maintenance and improper use of components, presents a medium degree of priority GUT, corresponding to 48 GUT. The pathological manifestations that have the highest severity are leaks in sewage pipes and sewage return through drains. These pathological manifestations present a medium degree of risk to the users' health caused by the degradation of systems, reversible damages to environment and financial losses. The most urgent pathological manifestations are leaks in sewage pipes and the return of sewage through drains. These pathological manifestations present a high degree, i.e., they are events in the imminence of happening with urgent intervention. Finally, the pathological manifestation that presented the greatest tendency was the return of sewage through drains. These pathological manifestations present a total degree, i.e., they represent an immediate progress of the manifestation, and there may be worsening at any moment. Therefore, according to the GUT matrix, there are three critical pathological manifestations: clogged toilets (144 GUT), leaking sanitary sewer pipes (288 GUT) and sewage return through drains (488 GUT).