Avaliação dos impactos ambientais gerados na implantação das PCHs Canhadão e Tigre, no município de Mangueirinha - PR

Abstract

In consolidating the concept of environmental impact, it was evident that an environmental impact assessment could be carried out with objectivity, so that this evaluation became more socially relevant and accepted, making it, besides being mandatory, an important document in the process of environmental licensing. The environmental impact is related to the change in the environment, whether negative or positive, therefore, when studying environmental impacts, the objective is to evaluate the consequences of actions, so that the quality of the environment can be preserved in all phases of development. Thus, taking into account the constant increase in population, unbridled growth in relation to consumerism and the great expansion of technology has as one of its consequences the increasingly urbanization of cities, and thus the demand for electricity is also increasing, it is proposed in this research to analyze the environmental impacts caused by the implantation of the Small Hydroelectric Power Plants Canhadão and Tigre through the rapid impact assessment matrix method. In order to perform such analysis, we sought to delimit and characterize the hydroelectric dams, through geotechnologies with the mappings; field survey with photographic records and documents related to SHPs, such as the simplified environmental report (RAS), the environmental conservation and use of the reservoir environment (PACUERA), and the environmental program for the generation of local labor. It was also carried out the collection of opinions of residents living in the area of direct influence (lindeiros) and indirect (in this case, municipality of Mangueirinha, district of Covó and rural zone) of SHPs. With this, it is possible to make a diagnosis of the environmental impacts caused by the implementation of the SHPs, in order to elaborate and analyze the quick impact assessment matrix of each SHP under study. The results of these matrices allowed to identify that the significantly negative impacts ones identified between the two SHPs were: the alteration of downstream discharge as a function of reservoir filling period and / or permanent river diversion, flooding of vegetation with loss of plant patrimony, deforestation of construction sites, forest erosion, erosion, degradation of areas used for the exploitation of construction material and temporary construction works (cutting and moving of soil and rock). And the significant positive impact was: the road network, be it for improvements or the opening of new roads. In this sense, it is important to emphasize the importance of mitigating measures being executed in a responsible and effective way, helping the environment to balance / regenerate. As a conclusion, analyzing the context in which SHPs live, when in a responsible manner from the choice of the place of implantation to its maintenance in the phase of operation or if it is the case in a deactivation, they are presented as one of the most sustainable forms that can be used in the studied region.