Desempenho agronômico de cultivares de soja em função da procedência de sementes

Abstract

High productive potential in the soybean crop requires a series of technical criteria, among them, the use of quality seeds. One of the major challenges in this sector is the production of seeds in different environments to meet the demand for raw material. But, is it possible to produce quality raw material in areas of lower fertility? Based on this problem, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the production environment on the physiological quality of seeds and their productive potential in the field. The experiment was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos, in the 2020/21 and 2021/22 crop years. Two cultivars were tested, NS 6909 IPRO® and TMG 7062 IPRO®, and two production environments, contrasting for soil fertility. Seeds harvested in each environment were standardized to 6.0 mm in size and submitted to germination tests, accelerated aging, seedling length and dry mass, and electrical conductivity; these being carried out after harvesting and processing and in pre-sowing of the subsequent crop. In the 2021/22 crop year, the seed lots tested were sown in the field, evaluating, at the end of the cycle of grain areas, plant height and insertion of the first pod, number of pods and grains per plant, mass thousand grains and productivity. The experimental design used in the laboratory was completely randomized, with four replications, and in the field, the design was randomized blocks, with three replications. Seeds produced in environments favorable to soybean cultivation have better physiological quality, which also varies depending on the cultivar. Under conditions of severe stress, such as water deficit, associated with high ambient temperatures, seeds generated in less than adequate conditions can transfer the character of greater tolerance to the plants, conferring greater relative grain productivity.