CSMA adaptativo para redes LoRa

Abstract

With a growing need for more data and information worldwide, a paradigm was created for connecting all devices and allowing them to communicate for better management in different branches. This paradigm became known as the Internet of Things (IoT). Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) are an excellent alternative to this expanding industry that the IoT has become, as they promise: low-energy, long-range, low-power communications. Among the options of LPWANs, the LoRa technology and the LoRaWAN have been extensively studied and are considered good options to achieve all the requirements necessary for an LPWAN network. LoRaWAN is a media access protocol based on the physical layer Lora. This technology uses pure Aloha, variable packet size, and adaptive spectral spreading. This work aims to propose a change in the media access protocol, replacing the Aloha standard with an Adaptive Carrier Sense Multiple Access. The impact of this change is analyzed in terms of message delivery rate, network throughput, and energy efficiency. With Adaptive CSMA, network throughput and energy efficiency can be noted, making the protocol more reliable and capable of supporting implementations that require these characteristics. One concern of LoRa networks is the excellent autonomy of their nodes. Hence, an improvement in energy efficiency, in terms of the number of bits sent by Joule of energy, makes the Adaptive CSMA even more attractive. Through simulations, it can be noted that with large network occupation, the Adaptive CSMA obtained an energy efficiency 177 % higher than CSMA and 62 % higher than Aloha.