Avaliação e monitoramento de área em processo de restauração ecológica via TCRA em Ribeirão Branco-­SP

Abstract

Ecological restoration is characterized as a challenge for public authorities, scientists and society involved in reversing the process of interventions and degradation of the environment. The evaluation of areas in the process of ecological restoration via the TCRA (Environmental Recovery Commitment Term) depends on monitoring actions and parameters that serve as a tool to promote the measures committed to the public power. In view of this, areas titled as glebe 1 and 2 of Fazenda de São Pedro in Ribeirão Branco, SP, which suffered suppression of native vegetation in the year 2018, were evaluated, which are the subject of an environmental infraction notice. Thus, the owner signed the TCRA with the secretary of infrastructure and environment of the state of São Paulo, which proposes measures for Planting Native Seedlings (PM) and conducting natural regeneration (CRN) through a project presented at SARE (Computerized Support System for Ecological Restoration). The present study used the data collected in the field with the objective of evaluating the areas and verifying if the adoption of technical measures through the TCRA in promoting the recovery of degraded areas through ecological restoration is being effective. The methodology was based on data tabulation and statistics through three monitoring indicators: (I) soil cover by regenerating woody individuals (%); (II) density of regenerating woody individuals (ind./ha); and (III) number of regenerating native species as recommended by RESOLUTION SMA No. 32, OF APRIL 03, 2014, which establishes guidelines, guidelines and criteria for ecological restoration in the State of São Paulo. The evaluation methodology was based on data tabulation and statistics through three monitoring indicators: (I) soil cover by regenerating woody individuals (%); (II) density of regenerating woody individuals (ind./ha); and (III) number of regenerating native species as recommended by SMA Resolution No. 32 of 2014, which establishes guidelines, guidelines and criteria for ecological restoration in the State of São Paulo. With the results, the measures implemented for ecological recovery were evaluated over a period of 3 years, where in the first year of the project (2020) the area suffered a loss of 40% of native seedlings, there was replacement of seedlings in 2021 and other treatments forestry in the area; and in 2022 data were collected and ecological indicators calculated. The result found for soil cover by native vegetation was 72.2%, fitting the minimum parameter. As for the density of individuals and number of regenerating species found, they are in the parameter as “adequate”, so the final evaluation is REGULAR­Minimum. The high mortality of seedlings at the beginning of the project, caused by the poor quality of seedlings and operational errors which harmed the land cover data after 3 years, the balance was positive and the measures committed in the TCRA have been effective and can be improved with future fixes.