Monitoramento da qualidade de fontes de abastecimento de uma propriedade rural em Francisco Beltrão

Abstract

Water is one of the most important natural resources for the survival of living beings, but only 2.5% of all water on the planet is fresh and suitable for human consumption, with less than 0.3% available for consumption. In the rural area, most Brazilian rural properties are not served by the basic sanitation system, therefore, the water supply occurs through shallow wells and springs, but many are contaminated. The objective of this work was to evaluate, characterize and monitor the water quality of the spring and the shallow well used as sources to supply a rural property in Francisco Beltrão - PR. For this, collections and analyzes were carried out between the months of May and October 2022, covering physical-chemical, microbiological, toxicity and macroscopic parameters of preservation conditions, in addition to monitoring the water availability of the spring between July and October de 2022. In July, the shallow well was closed to facilitate the mechanization of the area for agricultural production, therefore, it was decided to maintain the analysis of the spring water during the following months. The physical-chemical analyzes showed variation due to rainfall, soil use and management in the analyzed period, and the relationship between agricultural activities and the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water was verified. As for the microbiological analyses, the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms was verified both in the source and in the shallow well, probably caused by the raising and handling of cattle very close to the sources, and other anthropic actions of degradation of the sources and areas of native vegetation, since after the isolation of the spring area, microbiological contamination reduced until it reached zero in October. In the acute toxicity tests with Artemia salina L., the results obtained indicated that the water did not present characteristics that inhibited the survival of the bioindicator. Based on the results, it is important to adopt a disinfection system for water used for human consumption and to carry out reforms in the structures for protection and water collection, aiming to reduce the possibility of water contamination and the transmission of diseases. of water transmission.