Colostro bovino: usos e potencial fonte de diversificação de pequenos domicílios rurais no sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

The southwest of Paraná is composed mostly of small rural households, which are configured as family farming, which mostly have dairy farming as their main source of income. The calving period is one of the most important moments of the activity, as the management adopted during this period will interfere with the entire production process of the property. Due to the high productivity, the colostrum generated during this period is excessive in relation to the newborn's need, causing an accumulation of colostrum that is often wasted. Colostrum is a complex biological fluid and constitutes a rich source of essential nutrients and biologically active compounds, fundamental for the first days of life of any mammal. In recent years, numerous scientific and technical research related to the use of bovine colostrum have been carried out, and it was verified that this colostrum can be used as a source of biologically active molecules for humans and animals. However, this information about the potential of bovine colostrum is not widespread or does not reach rural producers, who still see colostrum as waste or garbage. However, this information about the potential of bovine colostrum is not widespread or does not reach rural producers, who still see colostrum as waste or garbage. Therefore, in the first chapter of this work, a review of the molecules presents in bovine colostrum and the perspectives of using these biomolecules for the development of formulations for human and animal use was built. Although many studies show a series of advantages regarding the use of these molecules, few national studies have been reported so far. The second chapter assessed the unconfirmed hypothesis that there is a lack of national technical and scientific studies on the use of colostrum. In the last 5 years, 129 patents were deposited mentioning bovine colostrum in formulations and purification techniques. Of this number of patents, around 90% were deposited by China and Brazil was responsible for less than 1% of the deposits. The dairy production system in Brazil still has many challenges to add value to by-products.