Influência da ruptura do tegumento na qualidade de sementes de soja

Abstract

The soybean crop is gaining more and more importance in the Brazilian and world scenario, since it has been the main exported product in recent years. Brazil has established itself as the world's largest producer of the crop, the product is most often exported in grains, but oil and bran are the main derivatives, which are widely used for human and animal food. The increase in Brazilian productivity is due to the advances in cultivars with high productive potential and the expansion of areas. Soybean productivity is associated with good implantation of the crop in the field, which is totally associated with seed quality. In recent years, some cultivars show a tear in the tegument. There are few studies on the influence of this trait on seed quality and what is the damage over time of storage. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate seeds of three soybean cultivars with different percentages of tegument tear, submitted to different storage times, produced in three production fields. The analyzes were carried out in the seed laboratory of CAMISC (Cooperativa Agrícola Mista São Cristóvão). The cultivars 57I59RSF IPRO, 58I60RSF IPRO and 64I61RSF IPRO were used. After harvesting and processing, the seeds underwent a visual analysis, separating samples with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% tear, for analysis of germination, vigor (accelerated aging), tetrazolium test (Viability and vigor) and hydration velocity index. Data analysis was carried out by dividing the data into two studies: I) Factorial 3x3x4 (production field x cultivar x storage time) and II) Factorial 4 x 5 (storage time x Tegument tear). For the qualitative factors, an analysis was performed to compare means using the Tukey test at a 5% error probability level, and for the quantitative factor, a regression adjustment was performed. The results obtained from this study indicate that the tear in the seed coat varies depending on the production field and cultivar. The cultivar BMX Cromo TF IPRO has a higher intensity of tearing and consequently a lower physiological quality. The production site that provides the best seed quality was Palmas - PR. Therefore, lots of seeds with a tear in the tegument must undergo strict quality controls during storage to avoid damage to seedlings and farmers.