Biorremediação de águas no Brasil: uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da utilização dessa metodologia em processos de despoluição aquática

Abstract

It is undeniable that Brazil is one of the countries with the greatest water availability in the world, especially due to its climate variability, large territorial extension and the numerous hydrographic basins that compose it. Although the country's richness in springs and river courses is a characteristic of great importance, this resource is in continuous progression of scarcity and pollution. These conditions are based on unsustainability during industrial processes, the absence of effective management of water resources and the lack of knowledge and application of clean¬up technologies. Among many existing methodologies to decompose pollutants and recover aquatic ecosystems, bioremediation stands out, whose focus is to use microorganisms to degrade persistent pollutants. The absence of complexity in these processes, the inhibition of toxicity and the great adaptability of living beings make bioremediation mechanisms efficient and sustainable. Therefore, the objective of this work was to review the main bioremediation methodologies in aquatic environments researched and used in Brazil in the last 7 years. Eight works published after 2016 were selected, intrinsically chemical and fully applied in Brazil, focusing on aquatic decontamination. In the analyzed articles and theses, the importance of bioremediation in river courses and its relevant applicability became evident, especially due to the potential of bacteria and fungi against the most diverse pollutants. In addition, the area of bioremediation brings with it a wide space for scientific research in physical, chemical and biological terms, allowing yet a significant advance in its use to improve the quality of the country's waters, nurture environmental awareness and favor humanization of society.