Monitoramento da biodegradação com ação de biofertilizante em solo de uma horta na UTFPR Campo Mourão - Paraná.

Abstract

The soil underwent drastic changes with the emergence of large­scale agriculture, which caused a deficiency of minerals and macronutrients, as well as the rapid development of these cultures, which caused the impoverishment of the soil. With the application of chemical fertilizers over time there was a saturation of these chemical compounds, where the soil is not able to supply these chemical products. For the replacement of fertilizers we have biofertilizers that are natural fertilizers, where they are composed of living organisms, not affecting the natural process of the soil, degradation is a natural process, where it is caused by soil weathering, with degradation accelerated by human activity unbridled, caused by extractivism, agricultural and pastoral production, the soil microbiota has been harmed. A European technique used to compare soil degradation rates in different parts of the world, called the Tea Bag Index and a soil bioindicator, which was used in this study to compare the use of biofertilizers composed of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp. and the comparison of the increase of microorganisms with total aerobic and cellulose­producing bacteria and total fungi. With the application of the treatment we obtained a response of up to five times more phosphorus (P), present in the treated area, with potassium (K) we had twice as much of this element in the soil and potassium (K) is a structural element for the plant formation. When comparing the degradation of teas, the best responses were for red tea, where this tea is formed by plant roots, despite a period considered hot where in 2020 the temperature increase was significant, with a historic drought in the Paraná River basin in 2021, at the same stage as the study, we can consider that the treatment with biofertilizers exceeded expectations.