A dialética das mulheres de Pagu

Abstract

This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the characters Otávia, Rosinha Lituana, Eleonora and Corina, prominent figures in the novel Parque Industrial by (Pagu) Patrícia Galvão, under the pseudonym Mara Lobo. The novel, set in the neighborhood of Brás in the city of São Paulo, tells, from different and diffuse points and points of view, what the life of proletarian women was like in the 1930s in that city, a landmark of capitalist development. The work presents a strong foundation in the author's experiences, who went from the bourgeoisie to the proletariat in a short political journey within the Brazilian Communist Party. Based on these findings, the work presents a literary and historical-social analysis that investigates the characters as social representations of women on the margins of society and seeks to understand their development in the novel. The methodology consists of bibliographic research and critical comparisons supported by sources that explore the socio-cultural theme of the 1930s. The first part of the work was mainly based on the biography written and organized by Augusto de Campos (2014) and the autobiography by Patrícia Galvão organized by Geraldo Ferraz (2005) for its constitution and points out the significant occurrences of the author's life until 1933, seeking to highlight the facts that corroborate the idea that the Industrial Park was based on Pagu's experiences. The second part sought to demonstrate that the novel Parque Industrial cannot simply be considered a pamphlet when, for its creation, literary innovations of an aesthetic nature were used, taking the quality of the work beyond social issues. In the theoretical component used, the authors Antonio Candido (1989;2013), Luís Bueno (2015) and João Luiz Lafetá (2000), and Thelma Guedes (2003) are highlighted. The last part of the dissertation analyzes the characters. For the development of this component, we were used to demonstrating how arduous the path of women to the achievements that today contemplate Brazilian society studies of gender, ethnicity, and class. The main theories used were by Margareth Rago (1985; 2004; 2008), Silvia Federici (2017, 2019), Heleieth Saffioti (1976), Gerda Lerner (2019); Florestan Fernandes (2013), and Sueli Carneiro (2011), in addition to many other authors who were relevant to the research.