Análise do efeito da sazonalidade sobre o rendimento e caracterização química de óleo essencial obtido das partes aéreas de Baccharis dracunculifolia, via hidrodestilação

Abstract

Baccharis dracunculifolia is a natural plant of the Brazilian cerrado that occurs in other South American countries. It easily adapts to different environments, such as pastures and abandoned areas, and can be considered a plant of difficult containment. However, the use of B. dracunculifolia essential oil has high potential, thanks to its antimicrobial, repellent and insecticidal activity. In addition to the high commercial importance of its components such as limonene and (E)-nerolidol, which is highly sought after in the perfumery industry. Therefore, this final paper aimed to obtain the B. dracunculifolia essential oil from hydrodistillation by the Clevenger apparatus, using the aerial parts of the plant, throughout the year of 2022 in order to cover all seasons of the year. Furthermore, the objective was to calculate the essential oil yields and compare them with its chemical composition, in each analyzed period. The plant material was collected at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná in Pato Branco, and the essential oil analyses and chemical identifications were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and by calculating the arithmetic index (AI) obtained from the co-injection of n-alkane standards and by comparison with the mass spectra. The yields obtained throughout the year were: March: 0.833%; April: 0.639%; May: 0.694%; June: 0.500%; July: 0.583%; August: 0.500%; September and October respectively: 0.722% and 0.583%. Consequently, it was determined that the best time to collect and obtain EO from B. dracunculifolia is during the summer. Regarding the chemical composition of the EO obtained, there was extensive variations in the amount and even in the nature of the components, throughout the seasons. Also, the significant components identified were (E)-nerolidol and spathulenol. So, the results obtained are relevant, due to the great industrial interest in the EO of B. dracunculifolia, because with this final paper, it was possible to determine which time of the year 2022 was the most suitable, in the region, to harvest and obtaining EO from B. dracunculifolia rich in a certain substance of interest.