O uso de ortomosaico georreferenciado para inspeção de dormentes de madeira e fixações

Abstract

Railroads have great importance in the world’s history and in the progress of society. The world rail market was developing at great speed even before the inauguration of the first Brazilian railroad in 1854 ­ the Mauá railroad. As a result of political and economical changes, Brazil reallocated the investments previously destined to railroads to the road transport mode. In the last decades, the importance and need for a more efficient and economical transport mode has been observed, in order to keep up with the growth of the national economy and exportation. Along with this scenario, investment in railways has grown, and with it the use of new technologies in this field. Thus, there is the importance in relation to inspection of the components that make up the railroad, such as railroad wooden crossties, which represent a large portion of the total crossties. The inspection of railroad wooden crossties is still being made the old and onerous way, where the inspector walks through the railway analyzing crosstie by crossties. Therefore, the examination of railroad wooden crossties via high resolution georeferenced orthomosaic aims to enable a faster and more precise inspection, that can unite the georeferenced aerial survey with an office­based analysis, upon standards established by ABNT NBR 7511:2013, to characterize geometry data, cracks, collapses, determine the absence of wooden crossties, usage status, identification of the number of fixations and slips. The following work mapped 200 meters of an urban railroad in the city of Curitiba ­ PR, allowing to analyze the criteria previously established in 374 railroad wooden crossties and the absence of 41, with centimeters accuracy. Creating an historical of analysis of the railway and alerts of unconformities, in such a way that the characteristics analyzed can collaborate with the planning of repairs, making the inspection process of wooden crossties more efficient and effective.