Avaliação da qualidade de águas subterrâneas utilizadas para abastecimento em zona rural

Abstract

Water is considered a resource of vital importance, used for the performance of daily activities, and mainly for human consumption, being available by surface and underground means. Groundwater can come from springs or wells, means commonly used in rural areas, as they have a higher level of protection than surface water, as they undergo a natural soil filtration process. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of groundwater from two springs and a semi-artesian well, located in a rural community in the interior of Francisco Beltrão/PR. The water quality was evaluated through physical-chemical analyzes of pH, temperature, turbidity, color, chlorides, BOD and COD, and microbiological, through six collections during the year 2022, between the months of May and October. Statistical analyzes were also carried out using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the studied factors and the Nemenyi test, with a significance level of 5%, to compare the means. The pH, color, chloride, BOD and temperature analyzes met the specifications in current legislation. However, for microbiological indices of the springs (MPN >23), turbidity for all points and collections (> 5.0 uT), and COD for the well in May (32.4 mgO2/L), and for the three points in the months of June and July, the results obtained exceeded the limits established by law. Thus, the anthropic influences such as inadequate management of the soil and animal waste, climatic conditions such as precipitation and consequently surface runoff, on the quality of the sampled waters, were evident. When compared to each other, it is possible to verify that the springs are more susceptible to contamination than the semi-artesian well, highlighting the need for effective and efficient protection of the ways of capturing groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the water meets the quality standards, so that it does not become a public health problem, due to waterborne diseases. Therefore, it is recommended that they undergo a disinfection or chlorination process and be monitored, so that they meet the potability standards required by current legislation.