Obtenção de compostos de alto valor agregado a partir de escamas de peixes: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Fish scales are part of a wide range of waste generated by the fish industry, and their use is limited due to the few practical applications and low commercial value, therefore could cause environmental damage if not disposed of correctly. The scales are formed by bone tissue, constituted of a collagen matrix (organic fraction), where apatite crystals (inorganic fraction) are deposited. These components have applications in the areas of biomedicine, cosmetics, dentistry, effluent treatment, biomaterials, among others. Therefore, the use and valorization of scales in applications of commercial interest could reduce environmental impacts and provide added value. In this context, the objective of this work is to present a review of the methods of obtaining collagen and apatites from fish scales, giving a possible direction for the use of this material. The analysis of technical and methodological details, theoretical aspects, advantages and disadvantages of the technologies used are reported and evaluated in this study, in addition, the properties and applications of the collagen and apatites obtained are explored, as well as the techniques for the characterization of these materials with a view to their possible applications in different segments.