Análise de indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde de países que usam práticas de e-Health

Abstract

The aging of the world's population and the advancement of technology make health services and systems increasingly invest in new treatments and resources to serve people. E-Health can be defined as a set of technologies applied with the help of the internet, which offers a service provision directed to the health area to improve and facilitate people's quality of life. E-Health, in a broad sense, comprises telehealth and mHealth practices and their associations. The economic, social, and health indicators are a way to observe the performance of a country, raise characteristics, identify potential problems, and take action. The general objective of this work is to analyze the economic, social and health characteristics of countries that use e-Health practices. To answer one of the specific objectives, a literature review was conducted, with a temporal cut from 2014 to 2019, using Methodi Ordinatio, and thus it was possible to identify the most used e-Health practices in the world, as well as their main areas of services provided, diseases treated and the associated technologies that assist in e-Health practices. Some of the main results found were identifying the categories of practices most used in the area: mHealth, telehealth or telemedicine, technology, and others (corresponding to the category of works on themes such as costs, quality in services, and projects in the area of e-Health). The most prominent diseases are mental illnesses, diabetes mellitus type I and II, cancer, cardiovascular problems, and chronic diseases. As for the technologies associated with e-Health, the most used is the Internet of Things - IoT, Cloud Computing, Big Data, security, and systems in general. The other specific objectives were selected as sample11 countries (United States, Australia, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Germany, Norway, France, Brazil, Mexico, and Egypt) found in the literature review that has publications on the subject and uses e-Health practices. Thus, it was seen that all the countries in the sample have documentation related to e-Health and that, of these countries, the United States and China had the highest GDP averages in the time between 1990 to 2019, but are not the ones that have been using e-Health for the longest time, only Germany stands out among the highest GDP averages and is among the countries that have been using e-Health for the longest time. Norway was the country that showed the highest average of the HDI variable, from 1990 to 2019 and has been using e-Health since 1996. Thus, it can be concluded that the countries that showed the highest averages of the economic, social, and health indicators in the time cut from 1990 to 2019, have not necessarily been using e-Health practices for the longest time. Moreover, Egypt was the country that presented the lowest averages in most variables and has been using e-Health since 2012.