Avaliação de políticas públicas de habitação: estudo comparativo Brasil e Portugal

Abstract

Housing public policies, if considered from the perspective of social rights, represent a set of decisions and actions adopted by a government to promote social inclusion, wellbeing, and dignity of citizens. To evaluate the design of a housing policy, several criteria can be applied within a broad spectrum of conditions necessary to guarantee access to adequate housing for all. State action in both Brazil and Portugal in this area has not followed a linear flow and public policies present contradictions between their objectives and their execution, with hidden intentions and underlying objectives. For this research, the objective was to understand the motivations that guided the adoption of public policies for housing in Brazil and Portugal, by comparing the trajectory, legal regulation, instruments, and housing needs. In view of this objective, this work addressed the housing public policies carried out in the countries between 2009 and 2022, analyzing two specific cases: the housing policies Minha Casa Minha Vida, in Brazil and Nova Geração de Políticas de Habitação, in Portugal, evaluating their particular characteristics, the social and political context, the objectives and strategic direction and the amount of resources mobilized in each of these countries and analyzing the structural and societal modifications after their inception. To organize the construction of the investigation, the methodology adopted followed a qualitative approach, of descriptive character, as method the multiple case study, as research procedure the bibliographical and documental research and as extensive research technique the content analysis. The Systematic Literature Review subsidized the construction of analysis categories in the inductive content analysis stage, applied to housing policies in the deductive content analysis stage. As a result, it was found that the design of the housing public policies under analysis failed to privilege urban, environmental, material, and sociocultural aspects, privileging the economic aspects and the political and management aspects. Thus, it is possible to infer that the public policies of the two countries are not designed with the central objective of guaranteeing the right to adequate housing, but this is only an underlying factor in a policy guided by a market point of view that treats housing only as a commodity.