Modelagem da informação da construção no gerenciamento de resíduos da construção: proposta de modelo conceitual no padrão IFC

Abstract

Building Information Modeling (BIM) represents a breakthrough in digitalizing activities in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, with potential application in several areas. In the environmental context, the management of buildings through BIM contributes to preserving resources and promoting more sustainable environments. This research sought to explore the application of BIM in construction and demolition waste (CDW) management and the sustainability of buildings. A conceptual model of information was developed, based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an open information standard, to meet CDW indexes created from environmental certification methods in Brazil and Portugal (LEED, AQUA-HQE, BREEAM, SBToolPT, and LiderA). The Design Science Research (DSR) conducted the research, a method designed to apply the knowledge to built solutions through the design, construction, and evaluation of artifacts. Initially, a questionnaire was applied to civil construction professionals to verify their opinion on CDW requirements present in environmental certification methods from the point of view of CDW management and BIM application. The results helped develop new CDW indexes and map the necessary information to compose the conceptual model of information based on the IFC. The conceptual model was developed based on buildingSMART’s recommendation. The actors defined to carry out the CDW management activity were the BIM manager, CDW specialist, material suppliers, and service providers. The information exchange requirements in the process map were identified for each task until the CDW indexes’ analysis, which is the final result of the application of the model. Material and quantities data from the IFC standard construction model composed the CDW indicators’ analysis. The conceptual model showed a good perspective of application in the management of CDW; however, the results depend directly on the information available in the construction model in IFC. For better representation of the waste generated, the recommendation is to develop the construction model considering an appropriate level of detail and the specification of the IFC standard to allocate the information, which simplifies the identification of the information after the exportation of the model. Despite the limitations of BIM in modeling some types of information, it appears that it is possible to extract data from quantities from the IFC model for analysis related to waste. The proposed conceptual model presents flexibility in applying different phases of the construction life cycle, and the results of the CDW management can contribute to other types of sustainability analyses.