Estudo investigativo dos defeitos de injeção de buchas de chumbo

Abstract

Lead is a non-ferrous metal, which is easy to form due to its low melting point and good malleability, however, it is a material that has a high rate of toxicity to living beings. Currently, there is no longer the primary production of lead in the country, all lead production comes from imports and mainly from the recycling of lead-acid batteries. Even with the evolution of electric cars, it is still necessary to use these lead-acid batteries for the operation of these cars. Lead injected bushings are used in automotive batteries, where they are soldered to lead electrodes, which are in contact with lead plates and dispersed in an electrolyte, thus generating the passage of energy for the operation of automobiles. The pressure casting process, when not controlling all the parameters of solidification of the material and of the injection itself, can lead to defects, the main ones being porosity by contraction and by entrapment of gases. The present work aims to study and analyze the casting defects that occur in the injection process of lead bushings, through the application of simulations in solidification software, metallographic tests, and with the theoretical basis of existing bibliographies. With the results of the analysis, it was possible to observe the surface roughness defects and the internal microporosity defects arising from both material contraction and gas trapping.