Efeito antifúngico de óleos essenciais isolados e combinados frente a fungos filamentosos

Abstract

Essential oils are a complex mixture of compounds from the secondary metabolism of aromatic plants, which are attributed to biological activity. Therefore, they represent a promising alternative to the control of filamentous fungi in the field. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal effect of essential oils of Citrus aurantium bergamia (bergamot), Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. And yet, the interactive effect of S. aromaticum and M. alternifolia against F. verticillioides. The composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography, whose major compounds identified were Limonene (48.04%) and Linallyl acetate (36.97%), Terpinen-4-ol (65.61%), Patchoulol (57, 17%) and Eugenol (91.30%) for bergamot, tea tree, patchouli and clove, respectively. The evaluation of the antifungal effect was carried out using the method by microdilution in broth through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide (MFC) for isolated essential oils, where the essential oil of clove was effective against A. flavus and F. verticillioides with MIC and CFM of 1000 µg/mL, while tea tree exhibited MIC of 4000 µg/mL and CFM 8000 µg/mL for F. verticillioides. The interactive evaluation was performed by the Checkerboard method through the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) between the essential oils of tea tree and clove, allowing the observation of a synergistic effect in both combinations, thus, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the oils in lower concentrations.