Obtenção de concentrado proteico da pele de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) por via ácida e enzimática

Abstract

Psychoculture activity has been growing exponentially worldwide over the years. Brazil has become one of the powers in this crop that annually generates tons of waste that are destined for incorrect disposal, harming the environment, ecosystems, fauna and flora of the country. It is known that Nile tilapia has excellent consumer acceptance, due to its characteristics and quality of its meat, favored by its convenience of cultivation and adaptation to the Brazilian tropical climate, which provides the intense generation of waste arising from its high consumption. The use of these residues to obtain co-products of high bioactive potential, began to be analyzed by scientists and scholars in such a way as to attribute commercial value and reduce their incorrect disposal, demonstrating that they are sources of collagen extraction, a structural protein with a wide range applicability in several areas of interest. In this work, the investigation of the efficiency of the extraction of protein concentrate from tilapia skin by acid and enzymatic route was carried out using the enzyme pepsin and acetic acid, varying the concentrations of both, except for time and temperature. The proximate characterization of the extracted concentrate was carried out through physicochemical analysis of moisture, ash, crude protein and solubility. The results obtained for the analysis of moisture (11.94 to 16.27%) and ash (2.01 to 3.07%) proved to be consistent with literature data, obtaining higher moisture values at higher pepsin concentrations. The protein content found ranged from 71.94% to 85.39%, showing that it is a protein concentrate, which obtained better results with the use of concentrations of 0.50 mol/L of acetic acid and 0.40 mol/L of pepsin. The values found in the solubility analysis, ranging from 3.01% to 6.16% in contrast to the ash, denote the efficiency in protein extraction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the method with the use of pepsin favors the protein extraction and indicates the presence of collagenous proteins, corroborating with the valorization of residues generated in the activity of psicultura.