Gestão ambiental em unidades de conservação nos diferentes biomas brasileiros: estudo de caso em parques nacionais

Abstract

When considering the abundant Brazilian biodiversity and its ecological importance present in different biomes, the increasing degradation of ecosystems and the advance of urban areas, there is an increased need to create areas that promote and guarantee the conservation and preservation of the environment, through environmental public policies. In this sense, in 2000, Law No. 9,985/2000 was created, which instituted the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), which provided norms and guidelines for the creation of Conservation Units (UCs). However, more than 20 years after its creation, the protected area system still faces challenges in the management process. Thus, this study aims to investigate the main aspects of environmental management in Conservation Units present in different biomes in Brazil. The present study is centered on the “National Park (Parna)” typology, where only the indirect use of resources is allowed, which generates interactions and possible conflicts for its management. In addition, the existence of management plans, their consolidation and the development of projects in the area of Environmental Education were investigated. For data collection, the managers of 74 National Parks distributed in the different Brazilian biomes were found to voluntarily answer a semi­structured, qualitative­quantitative questionnaire, via Google Forms, after approval by SISBIO (77151). The results obtained indicate that the management of these parks faces many challenges and weaknesses, which compromise the conservation and preservation of the environment, with major investments being considered in the management and infrastructure of UCs. It is hoped that this study can encourage and raise awareness of the importance of UCmanagement for the conservation and preservation of Brazilian biodiversity.