Projeto do sistema de acionamento de motores CC sem escovas para propulsão de veículos elétricos

Abstract

With the continuous development of the industry, there was an increase at the capacity of supply the demand of electric vehicles. It is increasingly more common the use of propulsion systems with electric motors, present in electric vehicles and converted electric cars. This work was conducted in order to gain knowledge and establish project guidelines of the drive system of Brushless DC Motors used in propulsion systems. The mathematical models of the Brushless DC Motor and Three-Phase Inverter are presented. Requirement specifications of the drive system considering the electric vehicle are estimated. From the requirement specifications, a brushless dc drive system containing a three-phase inverter, microcontroller and the hall effect sensors signals conditioning circuit was designed. The PCB was designed in EAGLE and manufactured along with the development of software control for phase commutation and interface for speed regulation, start and stop of the electric motor. The drive system was tested and validated. The built three-phase inverter drives the motor with the position of the rotor identified by hall effect sensors. The correct commutation enabled the operation of the motor with load, with the start-up torque limited by the maximum peak current(not continuous) of the power semiconductor switches that compose the three-phase inverter. The developed work provide guidelines for the design of a drive system used for electric vehicle propulsion. The implemented software stands out for its modularity, improving the performance, easing the maintenance and feature expansion, and for its portability, as it is easily transferable to another drive system.